Meaning of word ‘Maula’ - Man kunto Maula Fa Haza Ali un Maula
The tradition of
Ghadeer, in regard of its chain of narrators, is authentic and reliable. On the
18th of Zilhajj, 10 A.H., the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) declared the mastership
of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) by proclaiming.“Of whomsoever I am the Master (Maula) Ali is his master (Maula) too.” before a crowd of more than one lakh Muslims, comprising of both,
Mohjajereen and Ansaars. Now, there was no way out for the truth-evaders except
by debating on the meaning of the word ‘Maula’ and interpreting it to suit their own desires, even if it was against
the aims and intentions of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.). Undoubtedly, the clones
of the devil are truly cunning. This was the tactic adopted by some prominent
Sunni scholars like Fakhruddin Raazi, Qaazi Azod Eejee and Nasrullah Kaabuli,
with Ibn Hajar, the author of “As-Sawaaeq al-Mohreqah”, heading the list. Some
Indian scholars, unfortunately, have tried to tread the same path. Prominent
among them are Shah Waliullah Dehlavi (the author of Tohfah Ithna Ashariyyah),
Abdul Haq Dehlavi (the author of Lamaat), Qazi Sanaaullah Panipati (the author
of Saiful Maslool)…. They tried their best to conceal the truth from the
masses. Hence, the word ‘Maula’ has always been a point of hot debate between the Shia and Sunni
scholars, and remains so till date. According to the Shia scholars, the word ‘Maula’ in the context means leader, guardian, one who possesses complete
authority, etc. In the light of this meaning, the Prophet (s.a.w.a.)’s
tradition clearly proclaims that of whosoever I am the leader and guardian,
Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) also is his leader and guardian.
Thus, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) announced the Caliphate, Imamate and
successorship of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) on the day of
Ghadeer. But the Sunnis interpret this word differently. In their opinion, ‘Maula’ means a friend. Therefore, in application, the tradition of the Holy
Prophet (s.a.w.a.) would be translated as “Of whomsoever I am a friend, Ali is his friend.” They have even fabricated stories to support their interpretation.
Sometimes, they say that there was a dispute between Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn
Abi Taalib (a.s.) and Zaid Bin Haaresa which resulted in the latter refuting
Ali’s friendship. To rebuke Zaid, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) uttered this
tradition. Ironically Zaid Ibn Haaresa was martyred in a war before the last
Hajj. Truly, it is easy to fabricate but difficult to live with it. To get
themselves out of this tight corner, others argue that it was not Zaid Bin
Haaresa but Usaamah Ibn Zaid. While still others are creating fables that those
who had accompanied Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) on the mission
of Yemen, like Buraidah Al-Aslami and Khalid Bin Waleed, on their return,
lodged complaints to the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) against Ameerul Momineen Ali
Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.). When things reached to unbearable limits, the Holy
Prophet (s.a.w.a.) gathered the people and spoke about Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn
Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s friendship and the consequences of his enmity, ending his
sermon with this tradition. It is undoubtedly evident that both of these
concocted stories cannot match the authenticity and validity of the actual
tradition which has been narrated by innumerable Sunni traditionalists,
historians and interpreters. All those stories were fabricated to reduce the
significance of the event of Ghadeer. According to these stories, the meaning
of the word ‘Maula’ does not indicate Caliphate or Imamate of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi
Taalib (a.s.). The actual debate on the meaning of ‘Maula’ concerns the Caliphate and Imamate of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi
Taalib (a.s.) a right which was usurped by others. Thus, it is not merely a
literal discussion. Shia scholars have presented scores of proofs in support of
their viewpoint but till date, no logical answer has been forth coming. Yes,
truth cannot be concealed for long. We classify our evidences into four:
1)
Introduction
2) Literary Proofs
3) Historical
Proofs
4) Other Proofs
A) Introduction
"this Ali is his Maula too” because in some other places this tradition is narrated in a different
way. The other three ways in which this tradition is narrated is so clear that
there remains no place for any doubt whatsoever. These very clearly hail
Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) as the heir and successor to the
Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.). They are narrated as follows:
1) Tabaraani
narrates in his Al-Mojam al-Kabeer, vol. 5, page 186 citing from Zaid Ibn
Arqam, “Then the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) took Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi
Taalib (a.s.) by his hand and said, “On whomsoever I have more authority than himself, Ali (a.s.)
is his Wali.” Qazi Sanaaullah Panipati, student of
Shah Waliullah Dehlavi has also narrated the same tradition in exactly similar
wordings in his book ‘Saiful Maslool’.
2) Sibte ibne
Jauzee in his ‘Tazkeratul Khawaas’ p. 32 quoting Hafiz Abul-Faraj Yahya bin
Saeed Isfahaani has taken the meaning of Maula as one possessing authority. To
prove his argument, he has brought forward the sentence of the Ghadeer sermon; “Of whomsoever I am the master and having more authority upon
him than he himself, Ali is his authority too”.
3) The chief of the
Hanbali sect, Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, in his book, ‘Musnad’, vol. 5, page 350,
358, 361, narrates a tradition from the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) via Buraidah, “Of whomsoever I am the master, Ali is his master too.” The same tradition has been mentioned by Imam Nesaai in his ‘Khasaaes’
on page 4, 93, 101, 103, narrating from Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib
(a.s.), Buraidah and Sa’d Ibn Majah, in his Sunan, vol. 1, page 42, also
relates from Buraa bin Aazib and other companions of the Prophet (s.a.w.a.).
Apart from them, many other great Sunni traditionalists have quoted this
tradition, in a similar way. Therefore, we see that the sentence, “Of whomsoever I am the master, Ali is his master too” has come in three different forms which proves that the word‘Maula’ in the Prophetic tradition, only means one having authority and
mastership. For, one tradition explains another.
B) Literary Proofs:
1) The best judges
to solve any literary dispute between Shia and Sunni scholars are Arabic
litterateurs and their works. Let us see how this word has been used in Arabic
literature. Some Sunni scholars like Fakhruddin Raazi claim that the word ‘Maula’ has never been used in Arabic literature as ‘one having authority’. From
the following points, we will realize the truth of his claim.
2) Many Sunni
literary writers and interpreters have implied “Aula” (one with authority) from
the word ‘Maula’. Those who are in this category number up to fifty. After having so
many evidences, only a biased person can agree with Fakhre Raazi. Such attitude
must be either due to ignorance or sheer enmity. By confessions of so many
scholars, does this sentence not mean that, “Of whomsoever I am master, Ali is his master too,” and is this not a sufficient proof of Ali’s caliphate and successorship.
3) ‘Maula’ has been used in the meaning of Aula (one having authority) and the best
proof for this argument is the Holy Qur’an itself. Many Qur’anic verses have
used ‘Maula’ in this very meaning. Allah the Almighty says:“Your abode is the fire that is your Maula.”
Surah Hadeed : Verse 15
All renowned Sunni
interpreters like Kalbi, Ujaaj, Faraa, Abu Obaidah, Akhfash, Abu Zaid, Mubrad,
Ibn Al-Anbaari, Ali Ibn Eesa, Tha’labi, Waahedi, Zamakshari, Bagwi, Baizaawi,
Nasafi, etc. have interpreted the above verse as, “Your abode is the fire it is
your master.’ Now, if we translate this verse like the Sunnis do for the word ‘Maula’ on the Ghadeer occasion, it would sound quite funny. Your, place is the
hell. It is your friend.” Yet, so-called scholars like Fakhruddin Raazi, who
are unaware of Qur’anic concepts like their leaders, deny the meaning of Maula
as master.
4) Even in
traditions, the word ‘Maula’ is used in the meaning of ‘Master’. For example, the Holy Prophet
(s.a.w.a.) said: “If a
(virgin) woman marries without the permission of her master then her marriage
is null and void.” All the traditionalists unanimously
opine that the meaning of ‘Maula’ in this tradition is nothing but the one having authority over her’ or
‘master’. Bukhari and Muslim have quoted this tradition from Holy Prophet
(s.a.w.a.) in their Sahih. “I am the master of all the believers upon the earth. Then
whoever amongst you leaves debt and property, then I am his master too.” Even in this tradition, the word ‘Maula’ clearly indicates one who is having
authority or master. How come ‘Maula’ has been used as ‘master’ in all other traditions except that of
Ghadeer? Is not this approach based on prejudice and ignorance
5) Even in Arabic
poems, Maula means ‘master’ (Aula). The couplets of Lubaid in
“Moallaqaat-e-Khamsah” is quite popular in this regard and in the context of
meaning of Maula, litterateurs have given the reference of his poem in many
instances. And when in Arabic literature, this word has always been used in the
meaning of (Aula) ‘master’ right from ancient times, how come the uniformed and
illiterate deny the word ‘Maula’ ever being used to mean ‘Master’ and that ‘Of whomsoever I am Master,
Ali is his Master’ does not proclaim the successorship of Ameerul Momineen Ali
Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)
C) Historical
Proofs:
There are many historical incidents which prove that the word ‘Maula’ in the sentence, “Of whomsoever I am Maula, Ali is his Maula”, precisely means ‘master, ‘ruler’, “guardian” and “authority over
others.” We relate a few of them hereunder:
6) On the day of
Ghadeer, when the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) proclaimed the successorship of
Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.), Islam’s famous and well known poet,
Hassaan Ibn Thaabit, obtained the permission of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) and
recited a few verses of poetry. These verses, loudly and clearly, indicate the
concept of‘Maula’ as ‘Master’. “Then he
(s.a.w.a.) said to him, “Stand, O Ali, for surely I am
satisfied with you as Imam and guide after me.” This couplet, which clearly proves that Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi
Taalib (a.s.) was introduced on that day as Imam, Caliph and Guardian of the
Muslim nation, has also been narrated by well-known Sunni scholars.
7) Moawiya wrote a
letter to Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) trying to brag about his
own excellences. Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) replied him thus: “Is the son of Hind, the eater of (Hamza’s) liver imposing his
excellences over me?” Then he (a.s.) immediately composed a
few couplets, ordered his stenographer to note it down and sent it to Moawiyah.
The meaning of one of these couplets is as follows: “Then he made his successorship for me obligatory upon You all. The
Messenger of Allah on the day of Ghadeer-e-Khum.”This couplet has been narrated by 26 Sunni scholars in their books, leaving
no scope for any doubt or dispute about its authenticity. Is not the witness of
the gate of the city of knowledge sufficient, with whom truth is always
attached?
8 )In Islamic
history, there are various incidents in which the word ‘Maula’ in Hadees-e-Ghadeer has been used to prove the successorship of Ameerul
Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) in the presence of his enemies and none of
them ever objected to these claims. In the battle of Siffin, Qais Bin Sa’d, the
chief of Khazraj, recited the following verse : “Ali is our Imam and Imam of
everyone, this came through (divine) revelations, the day Prophet (s.a.w.a.)
said, “f whomsoever I am Master,
then he is his master too, a majestic statement.” Even a great Sahaabi like Qais Bin Sa’d has derived the meaning of Maula
as Caliph and Imam.
9) When Moawiya appointed Amr Aas, the
old and loyal sycophant of the Umayids, as the governor of Egypt , Amr Aas did
not send him the regular taxes. Moawiya wrote him a letter to immediately send
the taxes without further delay. Amr Aas was taken aback because he did not
expect Moawiya to order him around. In his reply to Moawiya, he penned a few
poems, describing in them how much he had borne and how many sacrifices he had
made to install his government, although he had no right to rule. If anybody
had the right to form a government, it was Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib
(a.s.). The effect of these poems was so strong that never again did Moawiya
demand anything from Amr Aas. Does not Amr Aas’ explanation and Moawiya’s
silence prove the concept of ‘Mastership’ on the day of Ghadeer? Is it not
sufficient evidence for the followers of Moawiya? Some of Amr Aas poems are as
follows: “How many
special things have we heard about Ali from the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.). When
he went on the pulpit and
conveyed the message on the day of
Ghadeer. And
bestowed him with the authority of believers’ affairs on God’s command His
hand was in Ali’s hand and was proclaiming on divine order. And
said: “Of whomsoever I am the
master; Ali is his best master too.”
10) Mohammad Ibn
Abdullah Hemyari, a friend of Amr Aas and the poet of Moawiya’s court was once
attending the court along with two other poets and Amr Aas himself. Moawiya
ordered the poets to say something about Ali, albeit warning them, ‘but
remember, do not say anything except the truth’. (i.e simply in the greed of my
rewards, do not speak against Ali.) Hemyari’s friends recited such malicious
poems against Ali that they were condemned by Moawiya. (The poems were so much
far from the truth that even a man like Moawiya had to rebuke them.) When
Hemyari’s turn came, he saw that there is not much possibility of a punishment
either from Moawiya or Amr Aas. On the contrary, he might even be rewarded.
Therefore, he said a few poems on Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.), a
couplet of which read as follows: “Forgot the people the day of Khum, When Ali was
appointed by the Creator and the Prophet.” So, it’s quite evident from the above incident that even the sworn
enemies of Ahle Bait (a.s.) confessed about the divine appointment of Ameerul
Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) as Imam on the day of Ghadeer-e-Khum. Is it
not better for Sunnis of our age to refer and accept the views of their
reliable personalities of early days of Islam in order to understand the Quran
and traditions? 11) The sermon of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) on the day of
Ghadeer has been rendered in poetry form by many Islamic poets. Allama Amini
(a.r.) in his priceless compilation, ‘Al-Ghadeer’ has collected about 95 poems
from authentic chain of narrators. All these have discussed in detail about the
Imamate and Caliphate of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) on the day of
Ghadeer. When poets and litterateurs of every era have taken the meaning of the
sentence, “Of whomsoever…” as the proclamation of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi
Taalib (a.s.)’s caliphate, Imamate and superiority, will not the denial of this
bright fact and clear truth be termed as plain prejudice and detestable
short-sightedness? What can be done for a ‘bat’ who being scared of sun light,
prefers darkness?
12) In the Council
(Shura) appointed by Umar, comprising of Usman, Abdur Rahman Awf, Sa’d Ibn Abi
Waqqaas, Talhah and Zubair, Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.), while
expressing his virtues and superiority, mentioned the Hadees-e-Ghadeer. He
said, “I ask, for the sake of
Allah, is there anybody amongst you except me, about whom the Prophet had said,
‘Of whomsoever I am the master, Ali is his master too. O Allah! Befriend him
who befriends Ali, be enemy of Ali’s enemy, help him who helps Ali?” They all
said, “By God! None except you.” The whole crowd (including Uthman the third Caliph of Ahle Sunnat),
which had gathered to appoint a Caliph for themselves, unashamedly admitted the
appointment of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) as Imam by the Holy
Prophet (s.a.w.a.) on the day of Ghadeer. None amongst those present objected
that ‘Maula’ meant friend and not an Imam, leader or Caliph. God only knows who
stuffed his stupid idea in the minds of their scholars?
13) Ameerul
Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) had also used Hadees-e-Ghadeer to prove his
Caliphate and Imamate on other occasions like in the period of Usman’s
Caliphate or the battle of Jamal. He expressed this in presence of companions
of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) like Ammar-e-Yasir, Abu Huraira, Abu Ayyub
Ansari, Khuzaymah Ibn Saabit, Qais bin Saabit, etc. But in these instances, none
amongst the gathering raised any objections to his claim. On the contrary, they
even supported it. Such discussions and debates were even perpetuated by Imam
Hasan (a.s.), Abdullah Ibn Jafar, Asbagh Ibn Nubaatah, Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz,
Mamoon al-Rashid (the Abbaside Caliph) etc. (Al-Ghadeer, Vol. 1, p. 159-212).
On all these occasions, no objections were raised by the opponents, on the
meaning of the word ‘Maula’. And they have never interpreted the word of Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) in
any other meaning except of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s
successorship. Thus, it is quite evident that such interpretations are the
handiwork of the later devils since we don’t find them
in the early writings of Islam.
14) It was
thirty-five Hijri, twenty-five years had passed since the Ghadeer event. Many
Muslims of early days had either been dead, martyred or migrated to other
cities and dispersed to different places. Some had sold the truth while others
had hidden their identity due to fear of enemies. The opponents of Ahle Bayt
(a.s.) were busy in destroying the excellences of the Ahle Bayt (a.s.) and
fabricating stories of their own greatness. Things reached to such an extent
that those who were not present in Ghadeer, nor did they possess any knowledge
nor were firm in their beliefs, started doubting about the events of Ghadeer.
Noticing the gravity of the situation, Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib
(a.s.) gathered the companions of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) and the Tabe’een
(those who had seen the companions but not the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) himself). He
delivered a sermon and asked only those persons to stand as witnesses who had
themselves heard the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) speaking on the occasion of
Ghadeer. Approximately thirty people (12 of whom were even participants of the
Battle of Badr) stood up and witnessed that they had themselves heard the Holy
Prophet (s.a.w.a.) say: “Am I not having more authority upon you than yourselves?” We affirmed: ‘Yes, O Messenger of Allah’. Then he (s.a.w.a.) declared: “Of whomsoever I am the master, Ali is his master too.” Amongst them were Abu Ayyub Ansari, Abu Zainab Ibn Auf, Sahl Ibn Hunaif,
Abdur Rehman Bin Abdur Rab, Abu Huraira, Noman Bin Ajlan, Khuzaymah Bin Saabit
(Dhu Shahadatain), Abdullah Ibn Saabit (the Holy Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) servant),
Habashi Ibn Janaan, Ubayd Ibn Aazib, Saabit Ibn Darmiyah, etc. Zayd Ibn Arqam,
who was also present in the crowd, refused to be a witness. Ameerul Momineen
Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) cursed him which resulted in him becoming blind. This
incident has been narrated via four companions and twenty four Tabe’een by
famous Sunni Scholars like Nisaai in Khassaaes, Ibn Katheer in Al-Kaamil, vol.
5, page 211. Ibne Atheer in Usudul Ghaabah, vol. 4, page 28, Imam Ahmad Ibn
Hanbal in his Musnad, vol. 4, page 370, etc. Is this incident, famous as
‘Yaum-ur-Rohbah’, not sufficient to prove the Shia view point at Ghadeer for
those who believe that
they should follow the companions of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.)?
15) The great Sunni Qur’anic commentator,
Abul Qasim Jaarullah Zamakhshari (exp. 528 A.H.) in his book ‘Rabi-ul-Abraar’,
narrates the following incident: “One year, Moawiyah went for Hajj. There, he
called a black but brave woman named Akramiyyah and inquired: “Why do you love
Ali and hate me?” The lady replied: “Will I be safe if I give a true reply?”
Moawiya replied in the affirmative. The lady answering his question said, “I
like Ali because on the day of Ghadeer, when you were present too, the Holy
Prophet announced his mastership (and not your’s). Further, because he loves
the poor and respects the religious people. But you indulge in killing Muslims,
create rifts between them and act unjustly in your judgements.” When the event
of Ghadeer was so popular that it could not be hidden from women who were
confined to the four walls of their houses and they were giving evidences of
successorship from this event, it is highly surprising that Sunni scholars are
uniformed and unaware of such an occasion.
16) Before the Holy
Prophet (s.a.w.a.)’s sermon, the following Qur’anic verse was revealed: “O Messenger of Allah convey what has been revealed to you from
your Lord and if you do it not, then you have not delivered His message. And
Allah will protect you from the people.” Surah Maidah (5): Verse 67What is this all important message, not conveying of which will result
into the nullification of the whole messengership? Was it just to announce that
the Ali is my friend? What was the need of divine protection in Ali’s
friendship? Hence, it’s quite evident that this message is the proclamation of
Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s mastership, non-conveyance of
which would result in the nullification of Prophethood.
17) After the
sermon, the following verse was revealed: “This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed
My bounties upon you and chosen for you Islam as a religion.”
Surah Maidah (5): Verse 3 In other words, today I have perfected for you your religion (by the
proclamation of Ali’s mastership) and completed the bounties and chose Islam as
your religion whose leader is Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.). How
can one explain this Qur’anic verse if there was no proclamation of Ameerul
Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s successorship in Ghadeer? For, Ameerul
Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s love has been declared obligatory
previously, time and again but what was the message on Ghadeer which completed
the bounties and made Allah satisfied? What else can it be except the
mastership of Ali Ibne Abi Talib (a.s.)?
18) The news of
Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s appointment as master and leader
by the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) on divine command spread like wildfire. A person
named Haaris Ibn Noman Fehri came to the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) and said: “You
asked us to give two witnesses (of divinity and messengership), we gave. You
made prayers, Zakaat and Hajj obligatory upon us, we accepted. Now, you intend
to appoint your cousin (Ali) as our master by announcing, “Of whomsoever I am
his master, Ali is his master too.” Is this announcement from your side or on
divine order?” The Messenger of Allah answered, “I swear by Allah, except Whom there is no God, this command
was certainly divine.” On hearing this, Haaris stood up and
walking towards his camel, grumbled, “O Allah, if this order is from your side,
then punish me by raining stones upon me.” He had hardly completed his
sentence, when a stone fell from the sky and crushed him to death. At this
justice, the Qur’anic verse was revealed,“One demanding demanded the chastisement which must befall.”
Surah Maarij (70): Verse 1 The enquiry of Haaris clearly shows that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) had
announced the mastership of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) on the
day of Ghadeer. Those who deny the mastership of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi
Taalib (a.s.) and give self-seeking explanations to the Ghadeer incident,
should learn a few lessons from the fate of Haaris. They should avoid divine
wrath being incurred upon them, although their wisdom has already been stoned
to death.
19) After
proclaiming the mastership of Hazrat Ali Ibn Abi Talib (a.s.) the Messenger of
Islam (s.a.w.a.) told the Mohajireen and the Ansaar, “Go and tell Ali ‘O Ali, we promise you, and give an oath to
you by our tongues and pay allegiance to you with our very hands that we shall
definitely convey this matter to our children. We will not go back on our
words. You be witness upon us. And Allah suffices as a Witness.” Salute Ameerul
Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) as “Ameerul Momineen” and then say, “All
praise is for Allah who guided us to this path and guidance was not possible
for us had Allah not guided us.” Do all these talks not make Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s
Caliphate crystal clear?
20) fter listening to the
command of Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.), Abu Bakr, Umar and Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.)
wives were the first to congratulate Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)
as a Caliph and master and paid allegiance to him. They congratulated him by
these words: “Congratulations,
congratulations, O son of Abu Taalib! You have become my master and the master
of every believing man and woman.” Then, the Mohajireen and Ansaar followed suit. It is highly surprising
that Abu Bakr and Umar understood the concept of Caliphate and successorship
from the hadees: “Of
whomsoever I am master, Ali is his master.” But those who claim to be their followers like Raazi, Dehlavi, Nadwi,
etc. derive some other meaning from the same. God knows whom do these people
follow? And how do they attempt to distort the meaning of ‘Maula’ despite confessions of their own leaders? The above mentioned evidence
has been given in atlest 60 authentic Sunni references.
21. On the day of Ghadeer, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) took off
his “Amama” called ‘Sahaab’ and put it on the head of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn
Abi Taalib (a.s.), thereby crowning him as his successor and heir. Then, he
(s.a.w.a.) said: “Of whomsoever I am the
master, Ali is his master too.” This
incident has been narrated by the following Sunni scholars:
i)
Shahabuddin in Tawzeeh-ul-Dalaael,
ii)
Jamaaluddin Shiraazi in ‘Arbaeen’ and
iii)
Zarandi in ‘Nazm Durar-us-Simtain’.
Does this crowning show an appointment to successorship or a
declaration of friendship? Why don’t the Sunni scholars accept the truth
despite all these proofs and evidences? Why do they waste their time in
unnecessary and absurd interpretations?
D) Other
Proofs:
If
you extract a phrase from a sermon and then discuss about it independently, the
chances of misinterpretation or deviation from what was intended by the speaker
increase drastically. On the contrary, if we analyse or interpret the sentence
by considering the preceding and proceeding sentences, keeping in view the
conditions prevalent at the time and the place of utterance, we may arrive at
the correct meaning intended by the speaker. The statement, “Of whomsoever I am
the master, Ali is his master too” is no exception to this rule. To understand
this sentence, it is necessary to consider the situation prevailing in that
desert as well as to keep the entire sermon of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) on
the occasion in view. The sentences which proceeded and preceded it should be
thoroughly examined. Such analysis only can give the true spirit of the
sentence; otherwise the real concepts will go abegging.
22. Before uttering this sentence (Of whomsoever I am his master, Ali is his
master too) the Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.a.) asked, “Am
I not having more authority upon you than yourselves?” When they all replied, “Certainly, you
have more authority than all of us.” Then he (s.a.w.a.) announced, “Of
whomsoever I am his master, Ali is his master too.” This initial utterance (“Am I not…)
has been recorded by 64 Sunni traditionalists like Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, Ibn Majah,
Nisaai, Tirmizi, Tabari, Hakim Neshapoori, Ibne Katheer, Suyuti, Baihaqi… Is
not the initial statement explaining the later statement? By saying so, is
there any scope for doubt about the real meaning of Maula? 23. The Prophet of
Islam (s.a.w.a.) commenced his sermon thus, “Death has invited me
and I have accepted its invitation.” This sentence clearly shows that the
Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) had prior knowledge of his approaching death and was,
therefore, very eager to appoint his successor. Abu Bakr and Umar had done the
same thing. Both had either appointed their successor during the last days of
their lives or made similar arrangements for it. By pondering upon this point
in the beginning of the sermon, does this act (of appointing a successor) not
prove that the sentence (Of whomsoever…) was proclaiming the leadership of
Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)? 24. After completing his sermon,
the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) said, “Let those who are
present inform those who are absent.” Does it make sense to say that all
the arrangements of Ghadeer like its sermon, announcement of mastership, paying
of allegiance, congratulations, coronation, Hassaan’s poems, etc. were only to
declare Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s friendship? No, because
Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s friendship does not involve such
elaborate arrangements. It was announced innumerable times before. Moreover,
the Holy Qur’an declares that believers are friends of each other. Then what
was the need of asking those present to inform those who were absent? The
entire series of events (arrangements and preparations) show that Ghadeer was
the place of the final announcement of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib
(a.s.)’s successorship. 25. After finishing his sermon, the Messenger of Allah
(s.a.w.a.) hailed, “Allah is Great on the
perfection of religion, completion of bounties and Allah’s satisfaction with my
messengership and Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s mastership after
me.” These sentences
have been quoted by Tirmizi, Nisaai, Hakim Neshapuri, Ahmad-e-Hanbal, Tabari
and many other celebrated Sunni scholars. The word ‘Wilayah’ is clearly showing
that not friendship but Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s
successorship and mastership is discussed. 26. After the sermon, the Prophet of
Allah (s.a.w.a.) pleaded, “O Allah, You are
Witness that I have conveyed the message (of mastership) and advised (the
people about it).” This
sentence shows that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) is conveying a new message
while Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s or Ahle Bayt (a.s.)’s
friendship was not a new thing and people were already aware of it. This must
have been the caliphate and mastership of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib
(a.s.). 27. Muhammad Ibn Jurair Tabari in his book, ‘Al-Wilayah’, narrates from
Zaid Ibn Arqam that after the sermon, paying of allegiance and emphasizing on
the maintenance of this oath, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) said, “Go
and salute Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) as ‘leader of the
faithful.” This
command of the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) amply testifies that he was talking about the
mastership of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.). For, if the
discussion was about love and friendship, he (s.a.w.a.) would have said, “Go
and salute him as ‘friend of the believers.” Sunni scholars are well aware that the
title, ‘Chief of the faithful’, involves tasks like leadership, mastership,
guardianship, etc. And this title has always been used for rulers, not for
friends.
28. The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) knew quite well that Ameerul
Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s caliphate will not be unanimously
accepted. The hypocrites and the jealous will not receive it kindly. Therefore,
the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) prayed for those who loved Ali (a.s.) dearly and
cursed those who bore malice against him. Many renowned Sunni scholars have
narrated the following prayer of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) after the Ghadeer
sermon, “O Allah! Befriend him
who befriends Ali. Be enemy of one who is Ali’s enemy. Help him who helps Ali
and degrade him who (tries to) degrade Ali.” so that everyone should know that love
and obedience of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) will entitle us to
the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.)’s prayers and his disobedience can lead to divine
wrath through the Prophet (s.a.w.a.)’s curse. This prayer of the Holy Prophet
(s.a.w.a.) proves that Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s friendship
can never lead us toward sins at any state because absolute obedience is meant
only for those who are infallible and away from all kinds of vices and sins.
Whoever disobeys Ali, will be subjected to the Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) curse and
whoever is cursed by the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) can never be guided.
29. Many Sunni traditionalists and Qur’anic commentators like
Tabari have narrated from Zaid Ibn Arqam, Huzayfa Ibn Usayd and Aamir Ibn Laila
that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) asked, “O people! What do you
witness?” They
replied, “We witness that there is no god except Allah.” He questioned: “Then,
after that?” They
responded: “(We witness) that Mohammad (s.a.w.a.) is His servant and His
messenger.” He (s.a.w.a.) asked again, “Who is your master,
then?”They retorted: “Allah and His Messenger are our masters.”
Then the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) seized Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib
(a.s.) by his arm, raised him and declared: “Whosoever Allah and His
messenger are his masters, then this man (Ali) is his master too.” It will be highly in appropriate and
absurd if here too the meaning of ‘Maula’ is taken as ‘friend’ due to
short-sightedness and plain bias. If the meaning is friend, then the last
sentence will have no relation with the first two, thus rendering the whole
paragraph meaningless. Also one cannot expect Allah and His Messenger
(s.a.w.a.) to indulge in vain talks. Therefore, the only meaning that one can
derive from this sentence is that, ‘Ali is the master of those who hold Allah
and His Messenger (s.a.w.a.) as their master.’ But one who does not bother
about Allah and His Messenger (s.a.w.a.), how can you expect him to be bothered
about Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s rights?
30. If the time and conditions of the Ghadeer event are taken in
to consideration, then too the meaning of ‘Maula’will
be “master”. The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) on his return from Hajj, mid-way, in a
barren and open desert where there was no sign of water, called back those who
were ahead and waited for those who had yet not arrived. In the afternoon’s
blazing heat (in which the people in order to save themselves from being burnt,
spread their mattresses), performed the Zohr-Asr prayers combinedly, prepared a
pulpit from saddles of the camels, delivered a sermon informing about his
death, repeated the sentences thrice, raised the hand of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn
Abi Taalib (a.s.) and intimated that he has received a command from the
Almighty that must be conveyed immediately. Were all these pains taken just to
declare that Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) is the “friend of the
believers”? It seems highly unlikely because it was nothing new. The Holy Quran
had time and again declared that “Muslims are brothers of
each other,” and
Ali (a.s.), of course, was one of them. Also, the concept of brotherhood is
much higher than that of friendship. The interpretation of the Sunni scholars
that it was a declaration of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s
friendship, is a great insult to the lofty personality of the Holy Prophet
(s.a.w.a.), the most knowledgeable person in the world. For, even an ordinarily
wise person would not put one lakh or more people in such inconvenience just to
declare somebody’s friendship. It goes on to prove that it was the all
important announcement of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s
successorship after the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) which was announced.
31. One cannot help but pity the fact that a magnificent sermon
delivered by the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) and heard by more than one lakh of his
companions is not fully narrated by any of the traditionalists and historians.
They are satisfied by saying that a very lengthy and detailed sermon was
delivered by the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.). Maximum details of this sermon have
been recorded by the great historian, Muhammad Ibn Jurair Tabari, narrating
from Zaid Ibn Arqam. If this sermon is read attentively and its sentences
thought upon, then it will be clear for the just seekers of truth that the real
meaning of the sentence, “Of whomsoever…” is only about Ameerul Momineen Ali
Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s mastership and leadership. Some of the sentences of the
sermon are as follows: “Jibraeel, on divine
command, has approached me and ordered me to stop over here and make it clear
for every black and fair person that surely Ali Ibn Abi Talib is my brother, my
successor, my
heir and the leader after me. For indeed, Allah has appointed him as your
master and leader and made his obedience obligatory on each and every one.
Surely, Allah is your master & Ali is your Imam. Certainly, Imamat is in my
progeny from his generation till the day of judgement. It is not permissible
after me for anyone to be the people’s guide except him. He is my brother my
successor, the treasurer of my knowledge, and my successor over anybody who
believed in me. The light from Allah is in me, then in Ali, then in his progeny
till the Awaited Mahdi.” Are
not these sentences sufficient explanation for the sentence, “Of whomsoever…”?
32. When the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) completed his sermon, he
said: “Congratulate Me, Congratulate Me! Surely
Allah has chosen me for the honour of Prophethood and my Ahle Bayt (progeny)
for the status of Imamate.” This
sentence has been recorded by Haafiz-e-Khargooshi from Ahmad Ibn Hanbal in
Sharaful Mustafa, who in turn narrates from Buraa Ibn Aazib and Abu Saeed
Khudri. Is not this sentence declaring Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib
(a.s.)’s mastership? For, congratulations seem appropriate for caliphate and
mastership and not for friendship.
33. When the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) was commanded by Allah to
declare Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s Caliphate, he was a bit
apprehensive because the people were not yet distant from customs of the days
of ignorance. They would think that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) is intending to
enforce his family’s rule over them and hence they would create many hurdles in
his path. But Allah ordered him that if this task was not executed divine wrath
would be the consequence. (Kanzul Ummaal, vol. 6,
page 153 narrating from Ibn-e-Abbas, Taareekhul Khulafa of Suyuti, page 114,
Manzelul-Abraar of Badakhshaani, page 20, Tafseer-e-Durrul Mansoor, Vol. 2,
page 298)
Declaration
of friendship should be no cause of apprehension for the Prophet (s.a.w.a.)
because keeping friends with a believer is the basic teaching of Islam. The
same tradition quoted above has been recorded by Haakim Haskaani in his book
‘Shawaahedul-Tanzeel’, narrating from Ibn Abbas and Jabir Ibn Abdullah Ansaari.
“Allah ordered Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) to appoint Ali as the leader of the people
and to inform them of this fact, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) was apprehensive.”
34. In the incident of Ghadeer, the word ‘appointment’ was used
by Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) which goes along well with leadership and not with
friendship, as the Sunni scholars claim. Sayed Ali Hamdani in ‘Mawaddatul
Qurba’ narrates a tradition from the second Caliph, Umar, that the Holy Prophet
(s.a.w.a.) said on the day of Ghadeer. “The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) appointed
Ali as a guide, and declared: “Of whomsoever I am his
master, Ali is his master too.” If
we combine this sentence with the sentence of Ibn Abbas (in proof 33), we see
that all the companions followed Imamat and caliphate of Ameerul Momineen Ali
Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) from Hadees-e-Ghadeer.
35. Shaykul Islam Hamwini in ‘Faraaedus-Simtain’ narrates a
tradition from Abu Hurairah, “The announcement on the day of Ghadeer was the
last divine obligatory command whose obedience was compulsory for everybody.’
After the announcement of this duty, the verse of completion of religion
(Today, I have perfected…) was revealed.” In other words, whatever was revealed
in Ghadeer was never revealed before. The declaration of friendship was neither
new nor obligatory. Now only two options remain. Either to take the meaning of ‘Maula’ as master and leader or to deny the
Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.)’s companion, Abu Huraira. Therefore, by considering all
other proofs, we have to admit that Imamat of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi
Taalib (a.s.) was the declaration on the day of Ghadeer by which the religion
was perfected.
36. Considering the meaning of ‘Maula’ as friend does not seem to be in
accordance with the history of early Islam, as find majority of the companions
afraid of narrating Hadees-e-Ghadeer. They would not do so it until and unless
they had absolute confidence in the interrogator. Ahmed Ibn Hanbal in his
‘Musnad’, vol. 4, page 368 records an incident form Atiyah Aufi who says, “I
went to Zaid Ibn Arqam and asked that my son-in-law has narrated one tradition
about Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) concerning Ghadeer from you. I
want to hear it from you directly.” Zaid replied, “You Iraqi people are
double-faced (i.e. I don’t have confidence in
you).” I retorted, “You remain assured from my side.” Then Zaid narrated the
whole incident. In another case, Ibn Uqdah in his book, ‘Al-Wilayah’ has
narrated from the famous Tabe’ei, Saeed Bin Musayyab that I went to
Sa’d-e-Waqqas and sought permission to ask a question but expressed my anxiety.
He replied, “You are my cousin (i.e. don’t fear). Ask whatever you wish to.” This
apprehension and anxiety is a clear indication of the face that the concept of
Hadees-e-Ghadeer was not friendship. The fact (of Ghadeer) was unbearable for
the then governments, relating of which was not only against politics but would
also possibly lead to death. This proves that it was certainly about the
successorship of Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.).
37. Bedouin Arabs, who were notorious for their pride and
disobedience, once came to Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) and saluted
him saying, “Peace be upon you O Master”. Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib
(a.s.) was taken aback thinking that they have accepted his mastership. Ameerul
Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) enquired, “How am I your master?” Their chief, Abu Ayyub Ansari replied,
“We have heard the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.) saying “Of whomsoever I am his
master, Ali is his master too.” This tradition has been recorded by Ahmed Ibn
Hanbal, narrating from Riyaah Bin Haaris. It’s highly surprising that Bedouin
Arabs staying in the desert could follow the meaning of ‘Maula’ as master while the so-called
civilized and learned scholars, staying in cities, could not grasp the concept.
38. The incident of ‘Yaum-ur-Rohbah’ where Ameerul Momineen Ali
Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) reminded his nomination on the day of Ghadeer (discussed
previously in proof no. 14) is also an eye-opener. Here, thirty great
companions, of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) stood witness to the Ghadeer
incident. But Anas Bin Malik, Buraa Ibn Aazib, Jurair Ibn Abdullah, Zaid Ibn
Arqam, Abdur Rehman Ibn Yadlej and Yazeed Ibn Wadeeah who were present in
Ghadeer, refused to testify. Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) cursed
them saying, “If they have concealed
the truth due to enmity and malice, may Allah incure His wrath on them” Due to his curse, Buraa and Zaid
became blind, Anas suffered from leprosy and Jurair became Murtad (apostate).
(Musnad, vol. 1, page 119, Al-Maaref of Ibn Qutaiba, page 251,
Al-Ansaab wal Ashraaf, Seerah Halabi, vol. 3, page 302, Al-Arbaeen of
Jamaluddin Shirazi, vol. 1, page 211)
If ‘Maula’ meant friend and people
concealed only Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s friendship, then
many would have been afflicted, not a select few, because the enemies of
Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) were innumerable. So, it’s quite
evident that only those who tried to conceal Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi
Taalib (a.s.)’s Imamat and Caliphate had to suffer these afflictions. Why the
present day Sunni scholars, who try to conceal Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi
Taalib (a.s.)’s appointment to Imamat, do not fear the same fate?
39. Ghadeer was not the first time that the Holy Prophet
(s.a.w.a.) had declared Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) as the
inheritor of his mantle. Thus, it’s not possible for the Sunni scholars to
interpret this tradition in whichever way they like and shelter their own
leaders. The Prophet (s.a.w.a.) had, on a number of occasions, mentioned that
Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) would be his heir. In
Ghadeer-e-Khum, on his return from Hajjatul Wadaa, he was only explaining the
matter in clearer terms and also, obtaining allegiance of each one present. In
the initial days of Islam, when the Qur’anic verse “And
warn your nearest of
relatives.” Surah Shoa’raa (26): Verse 214
was revealed, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) gathered the sons of
Abdul Muttalib. After the dinner, he (s.a.w.a.) invited them to believe in and
help him in his mission of Prophethood. He (s.a.w.a.) said: “Whoever
of you helps me in this mission (of prophethood) he shall be my brother, my
successor, my Caliph amongst you.” Among forty people, only Ali Ibn Talib
(a.s.) accepted the invitation and answered his call, after which the Holy
Prophet (s.a.w.a.) announced, “Surely he is my brother,
my successor and my Caliph amongst you. Then listen to him and obey him.”The
invitation of Zul Asheerah is the concise form of Hadees-e-Ghadeer. In other
words, Hadees-e-Ghadeer is the detailed explanation of the Zul Asheerah
incident found in many reliable and authentic Sunni books.
(Al-Kaamil, vol. 2, page 24, Taareekh Abul Feda, vol. 1, page
116, Sharhe Nahjul Balagha of Ibn Abil Hadeed, vol. 3, page 354, Life of
Muhammad by Muhammad Husayn Haykal first edition, page 104, Taareekh-e-Tabari,
vol. 2, page 216, Tafseer-e-Tabari, vol. 19, page 74)
40. Finally, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) had explained the
meaning of ‘Maula’ in Hadees-e-Ghadeer, which if referred
to, would not require any further debate and discussion. Shaykhul Islam
Hamwini, in his book, ‘Faraaedus Simtain’ records a tradition narrated by
senior Tabeei Sulaym Ibn Qays. During the period of Usman’s Caliphate, about
two hundred people were involved in an informative discussion in the mosque,
relating the excellences and virtues of the Quraysh. Those who were
participating in this discussion were the likes of Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr,
Abdullah Ibn Umar, Abdul Rehman Auf, Talhah, Zubair, Miqdad, Zaid Ibn Saabit,
Jaabir Ibn Abdullah, Anas Ibn Malik, etc. When they were glorifying the
Quraysh, Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) and his Ahle Bayt (Imam
Hasan (a.s.), Imam Husain, Abdullah Ibn Jafar, etc.) were listening quietly.
People asked Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.): “Why are you silent?
Why don’t you say something?” On this, he (a.s.) replied: “Whatever
excellences you have talked about, are yours or your family’s?” They said: “No, these glories have
been bestowed by Allah upon Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) and his clan.” Ameerul Momineen
Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) answered: “Truth is that which
you’ve said. Don’t you know that whatever bounties of this world and the
hereafter you receive is due to us Ahle Bait?” Ameerul Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib
(a.s.) went on speaking till he reached to the Ghadeer issue. Then he (a.s.)
said: “After the congregational prayers, the Holy
Prophet (s.a.w.a.) delivered a sermon saying, ‘O people, you know that Allah is
my Master and I am the master of the believers. I have more authority upon them
than they themselves’. They all confirmed saying, “Yes O Messenger of Allah’
Then, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) said: “Stand, O Ali.” So, I stood up. Then,
he said again “Of whomsoever I am the master, Ali is his master too…” Here,
Salman Farsi, questioned, “What type of mastership?” He (s.a.w.a.) answered,
“Like my mastership. As I have more authority over them all.” Is any further discussion required
after this lucid explanation? A similar tradition has been recorded by Ali Ibn
Hamid-e-Qurashi in ‘Shamsul Akhbaar’, page 38. The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) was
asked: “What is the meaning of “Of whomsoever…” He (s.a.w.a.) answered: “Allah
is my Master. He has more authority upon me than myself. My will and authority
has no value when compared to His will and authority. Similarly, I am the
master of the believers. Their opinion and will has no value when compared to
mine. And of whomsoever I am his master, Ali is having equal authority over
him. Ali’s authority is more over them than they themselves. Nobody’s will is
valid and binding when compared to Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.)’s.” A similar tradition has been narrated
by Sayed Ali Hamdani in ‘Mawaddatul Qurba’. He narrates a part of the sermon of
the Messenger of Islam (s.a.w.a.) in Ghadeer:“O
People! Is not Allah my Master?
He gives me
commands, orders prohibitions and I have no authority over the Almighty.” Everyone said: “Yes O Messenger of
Allah!” Then he (s.a.w.a.) said: “Of whomsoever Allah and
His Messenger are masters, this Ali is his master. He will give you orders and
command prohibitions. You don’t have any authority to command or prohibit him.” It means that the Holy Prophet
(s.a.w.a.) has himself explained and interpreted the mastership of Ameerul
Momineen Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.) so that there may not remain any place for
the ignorant deceivers to interpret it to suit their own needs. Whoever
believes in Allah and His Messenger (s.a.w.a.), gives preference to their
orders, holds them dearer than his life, it does not suit him to interpret ‘Maula’ in any other way but master, caliph,
successor and leader. Except, if he thinks himself as wiser and more learned
than Allah and His Messenger. Allah knows how such people will face the
Almighty on the day of judgement and how will they answer the Holy Prophet
(s.a.w.a.) when he questions them about their distortions?
